This is probably an independent issue ( imvho ). Re LLMs and present AI / ML regime, my only public comment is that we're in the Hindenburg [1] era .. caveat emptor. Another insightful paper that probably will be ignored this summer: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03762 ( author : https://people.csail.mit.edu/kostas/ ) [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ_129_Hindenburg